What is Bhulekh? A Complete Guide to India’s Digital Land Records System
In India, land is more than just a piece of earth—it’s a symbol of heritage, livelihood, and security. But for decades, accessing land records was a cumbersome process involving paperwork, long queues, and bureaucratic hurdles. That changed with the introduction of Bhulekh, a digital land record system that has revolutionized how citizens interact with property data.
Whether you’re a farmer, a homebuyer, or a legal professional, understanding Bhulekh can help you navigate property-related matters with ease and confidence.
🌱 What is Bhulekh?
Bhulekh is a Hindi term that translates to “land records.” It refers to the digitized system of land records maintained by individual state governments in India.
These records typically include:
- Ownership details
- Survey numbers
- Plot boundaries
- Mutation status
- Revenue and registration data
Each state has its own Bhulekh portal, allowing citizens to access land-related information online without visiting government offices.
🧭 Historical Background
- Ancient Era – Land records existed even in early kingdoms for taxation and ownership proof.
- British Rule – A more structured land survey and revenue system was introduced.
- Post-Independence – Records were maintained manually in registers.
- 1988–89 – Launch of the Computerization of Land Records (CLR) Project.
- 2008 – Introduction of the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP).
👉 Bhulekh is the result of these initiatives, bringingtransparency, accuracy, and accessibility to land governance.
📋 Key Components of Bhulekh
- Land Ownership Details
- Full name of the owner
- Registered address
- Ownership share
- Khasra and Khatauni Numbers
- Khasra: Unique plot number for agricultural land.
- Khatauni: Document outlining total land owned by a family, linked to Khasra numbers.
- Jamabandi (Record of Rights)
- Details of ownership, tenancy, cultivation, and revenue.
- Mutation Records
- Changes in ownership due to sale, inheritance, or gifting.
- Land Maps (Bhu Naksha)
- Digital maps showing plots, boundaries, and neighboring properties.
- Revenue Records
- Land classification, tax details, and encumbrances.
🖥️ Services Offered on Bhulekh Portals
- View land records (urban & rural)
- Property search by name, Khasra, or Khatauni number
- Download digitally signed Record of Rights (RoR)
- Track mutation status
- Access cadastral maps (Bhu Naksha)
- Check land registration history
- Submit name change or correction requests
📌 Here’s a list of Bhulekh portals across India:
| State / UT | Official Land Records Portal |
| Bhulekh Andhra Pradesh | https://www.meebhoomi.ap.gov.in |
| Bhulekh Arunachal Pradesh | No dedicated Bhulekh portal (manual records at local offices) |
| Bhulekh Assam | https://revenueassam.nic.in / https://dlrs.assam.gov.in |
| Bhulekh Bihar | https://biharbhumi.bihar.gov.in |
| Bhulekh Chhattisgarh | https://bhuiyan.cg.nic.in |
| Bhulekh Delhi (NCT) | https://dlrc.delhigovt.nic.in |
| Bhulekh Bhulekh Goa | https://dslr.goa.gov.in |
| Bhulekh Gujarat | https://anyror.gujarat.gov.in |
| Bhulekh Haryana | https://jamabandi.nic.in |
| Bhulekh Himachal Pradesh | https://himachal.nic.in/revenue |
| Bhulekh Jharkhand | https://jharbhoomi.nic.in |
| Bhulekh Karnataka | https://landrecords.karnataka.gov.in |
| Bhulekh Kerala | https://erekha.kerala.gov.in |
| Bhulekh Madhya Pradesh | https://mpbhulekh.gov.in |
| Bhulekh Maharashtra | https://mahabhulekh.maharashtra.gov.in |
| Bhulekh Manipur | https://louchapathap.nic.in |
| Bhulekh Meghalaya | Land records maintained offline (available at DC offices) |
| Bhulekh Mizoram | Not fully digitized (manual verification at Revenue Dept.) |
| Bhulekh Nagaland | Land mostly under customary law – no central Bhulekh portal |
| Bhulekh Odisha | https://bhulekh.ori.nic.in |
| Bhulekh Punjab | https://plrs.org.in |
| Bhulekh Rajasthan | https://apnakhata.raj.nic.in |
| Bhulekh Sikkim | No full-fledged Bhulekh portal, land managed by Land Revenue Dept. |
| Bhulekh Tamil Nadu | https://eservices.tn.gov.in |
| Bhulekh Telangana | https://dharani.telangana.gov.in |
| Bhulekh Tripura | https://jami.tripura.gov.in |
| Bhulekh Uttar Pradesh | https://upbhulekh.gov.in |
| Bhulekh Uttarakhand | https://bhulekh.uk.gov.in |
| Bhulekh West Bengal | https://banglarbhumi.gov.in |
🏠 Importance of Bhulekh
✅ Legal Transactions
- Verifying ownership before sale/purchase
- Supporting loan and mortgage applications
✅ Dispute Resolution
- Serves as legal proof in property conflicts
✅ Government Revenue
- Assists in accurate property tax collection
✅ Transparency
- Reduces corruption and manipulation
🔄 Mutation Process in Bhulekh
Steps to update ownership after property transfer:
- Submit application to Tehsildar
- Attach sale deed or inheritance proof
- Verification by revenue officer
- Public notice issued
- If no objections, mutation approved
- Records updated in Bhulekh
🧾 Name Change in Bhulekh
Required Documents
- Affidavit on ₹10 stamp paper
- Identity proof (Aadhaar, PAN, etc.)
- Sale deed or ownership proof
- Newspaper advertisement (English + regional)
- Gazette notification (if applicable)
- NOC from co-owners (if joint property)
- Mutation application form
Process
- Submit documents to revenue office or online portal
- Officials verify details
- Records updated in Bhulekh
- Receive confirmation copy
🗺️ What is Bhu Naksha?
Bhu Naksha is the map-based feature of Bhulekh showing:
- Plot boundaries
- Neighboring parcels
- Survey numbers
👉 Benefits:
- Avoid encroachments
- Plan construction projects
- Verify land before purchase
📈 Benefits of Bhulekh for Citizens
🌾 Farmers
- Access crop & soil data
- Apply for subsidies and loans
🏘️ Urban Residents
- Verify property before buying
- Avoid fraud and disputes
🏢 Government
- Plan infrastructure projects
- Monitor land use effectively
🌍 Environment
- Prevent illegal encroachments
- Encourage sustainable land use
❓ FAQs About Bhulekh
Q1: Is Bhulekh legally valid?
Yes, Bhulekh records are accepted in Indian courts.
Q2: Can I download land records?
Yes, most portals allow PDF downloads.
Q3: What’s the difference between Bhulekh and Bhu Naksha?
Bhulekh shows ownership; Bhu Naksha shows maps.
Q4: How often are records updated?
After every transaction, mutation, or survey.
Q5: Can I check Bhulekh on mobile?
Yes, portals are mobile-friendly (few states have official apps).
Q6: What’s the difference between Khatauni and Khasra?
- Khasra: Plot number for agricultural land.
- Khatauni: Family-wise ownership record linked to Khasra.
Q7: Can Bhulekh be used in legal disputes?
Yes, as valid proof of ownership.
Q8: How do I correct errors?
File a correction request at local office or online with proof.
Q9: Is Bhulekh available in local languages?
Yes, most portals support Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, Telugu, etc.
Q10: Can I apply for mutation online?
Yes, in many states with document upload and status tracking.
🎯 Conclusion
Bhulekh has transformed land record management in India. What once required paper files, middlemen, and weeks of waitingcan now be done inminutes, online.
From farmers proving ownership for subsidies to buyers verifying plots before purchase, Bhulekh ensures transparency, trust, and efficiency in land governance.
As India moves further into the Digital India mission, Bhulekh will continue to evolve—integrating with Aadhaar, GIS mapping, and even blockchain in the future—making land records tamper-proof and more accessible than ever.
